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The Red Brigades ((イタリア語:Brigate Rosse) (:briˈɡate ˈrosse), often abbreviated ''BR'') was a left-wing 〔 url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Red-Brigades 〕 paramilitary organization, based in Italy, responsible for numerous violent incidents, including assassinations, kidnapping and robberies during the so-called "Years of Lead". Formed in 1970, the organization sought to create a "revolutionary" state through armed struggle, and to remove Italy from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The Red Brigades attained notoriety in the 1970s and early 1980s with their violent attempts to destabilise Italy by acts of sabotage, bank robberies, kidnappings and murders.〔http://www.soraweb.it/degenerazione-memorie-di-un-assassino-capitolo-xvi-le-brigate-rosse/〕 Models for the Red Brigades included the Latin American urban guerrilla movements. Volumes on the Tupamaros published by Feltrinelli were influential", a sort of do-it-yourself manual for the early Red Brigades" and also the Italian partisan movement of 1943–45 which was interpreted as an example of a youthful minority using violent means for just ends.〔Paul Ginsborg, A History of Contemporary Italy 1943–1988, Penguin 1990 ISBN 0-14-012496-9 p. 361–362〕 The group's most infamous act took place in 1978, when the second groups of the BR, headed by Mario Moretti, kidnapped the former Christian Democrat Prime Minister Aldo Moro, who was trying to reach a ''compromesso storico'', or "historic compromise", with the Communists.〔 The kidnappers killed five members of Moro's entourage, and murdered Moro himself 54 days later. The BR barely survived the end years of the Cold War following a split in 1984 and the arrest or flight of the majority of its members. In the 1980s, the group was broken up by Italian investigators, with the aid of several leaders under arrest who turned ''pentito'' and assisted the authorities in capturing the other members. After the mass arrests in the late 1980s, the group slowly faded into insignificance.〔 A majority of those leaders took advantage of a law that gave credits for renouncing the doctrine (''dissociato'' status) and contributing to efforts by police and judiciary to prosecute its members ("collaboratore di giustizia", also known as ''pentito''). ==1970: the first BR generation== The Red Brigades were founded in August 1970〔Alexander p. 194〕 by Renato Curcio and Margherita (Mara) Cagol, who had met as students at the University of Trento and later married, and Alberto Franceschini. Franceschini's grandmother had been a leader of the peasant leagues, his father a worker and anti-fascist who had been deported to Auschwitz.〔Paul Ginsborg, A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics 1943-1988, (London: Penguin, 1990) p.361.〕 While the Trento group around Curcio had its main roots in the Sociology Department of the Catholic University, the Reggio Emilia group (around Franceschini) included mostly former members of the F G C I (the Communist youth movement) expelled from the parent party for extremist views.〔A Jamieson. Identity and morality in the Italian Red Brigades. ''Terrorism and Political Violence'', 1990, p. 508-15〕 In the beginning the Red Brigades were mainly active in Reggio Emilia, and in large factories in Milan, (such as Sit-Siemens, Pirelli and Magneti Marelli) and in Turin (Fiat). Members sabotaged factory equipment and broke into factory offices and trade union headquarters. In 1972, they carried out their first kidnapping: a factory foreman for Sit Siemens was held for around 20 minutes whilst pictures were taken of him wearing a placard declaring him to be a fascist.〔R. Lumley, States of Emergency: Cultures of Revolt in Italy from 1968 to 1978, (London: Verso, 1990) p.282.〕 The foreman was then released unharmed.〔See Giovanni Fasanella and Alberto Franceschini (with an afterword by judge Rosario Priore, who investigated Aldo Moro's death), ''Che cosa sono le BR'' () ( "BRIGADES ROUGES. L'Histoire secrète des Red Brigades racontée par leur fondateur, Alberto Franceschini. Entretien avec Giovanni Fasanella." Editions Panama, 2005 (a review by ) ''Le Monde''〕 During this time the Red Brigades' activities were denied by far left political groups such as Lotta Continua and Potere Operaio (which were closer to the Autonomist movement). Although there has been an attempt to demonstrate any link between the Red Brigades and foreign State Security Services, nothing has been proved and such an idea has always been rejected by all the militants that after years of prison decided to speak their truth in books, interviews etc. In June 1974, the Red Brigades committed their first homicide. Two members of the Italian neo-fascist party, ''Movimento Sociale Italiano'' (MSI) were killed in Padua during a raid to the MSI headquarters. Most of the Italian leftish political parties of the time, including the Italian Communist Party (PCI), denied the Red Brigades' involvement in the murder and even the Red Brigades' existence itself. However, according to the BR leaders, the BR received support by a large amount of people and this would be the reason of such a long existence for a military structure that counted a few hundreds of "effective members". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Red Brigades」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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